Chapter XI


Captain Morgan resolving to attack and plunder the city of Puerto Bello, equips a fleet, and with little expense and small forces takes it.


SOME may think that the French having deserted Captain Morgan, the English alone could not have sufficient courage to attempt such great actions as before. But Captain Morgan, who always communicated vigour with his words, infused such spirit into his men, as put them instantly upon new designs; they being all persuaded that the sole execution of his orders would be a certain means of obtaining great riches, which so influenced their minds, that with inimitable courage they all resolved to follow him, as did also a certain pirate of Campechy, who on this occasion joined with Captain Morgan, to seek new fortunes under his conduct. Thus Captain Morgan in a few days gathered a fleet of nine sail, either ships or great boats, wherein he had four hundred and sixty military men.

All things being ready, they put forth to sea, Captain Morgan imparting his design to nobody at present; he only told them on several occasions, that he doubted not to make a good fortune by that voyage, if strange occurrences happened not. They steered towards the continent, where they arrived in a few days near Costa Rica, all their fleet safe. No sooner had they discovered land but Captain Morgan declared his intentions to the captains, and presently after to the company. He told them he intended to plunder Puerto Bello by night, being resolved to put the whole city to the sack: and to encourage them he added, this enterprise could not fail, seeing he had kept it secret, without revealing it to anybody, whereby they could not have notice of his coming. To this proposition some answered, "they had not a sufficient number of men to assault so strong and great a city." But Captain Morgan replied, "If our number is small, our hearts are great; and the fewer persons we are, the more union and better shares we shall have in the spoil." Hereupon, being stimulated with the hope of those vast riches they promised themselves from their success, they unanimously agreed to that design. Now, that my reader may better comprehend the boldness of this exploit, it may be necessary to say something beforehand of the city of Puerto Bello.

This city is in the province of Costa Rica, 10 deg. north latitude, fourteen leagues from the gulf of Darien, and eight westwards from the port called Nombre de Dios. It is judged the strongest place the king of Spain possesses in all the West Indies, except Havanna and Carthagena. Here are two castles almost impregnable, that defend the city, situate at the entry of the port, so that no ship or boat can pass without permission. The garrison consists of three hundred soldiers, and the town is inhabited by about four hundred families. The merchants dwell not here, but only reside awhile, when the galleons come from or go for Spain, by reason of the unhealthiness of the air, occasioned by vapours from the mountains; so that though their chief warehouses are at Puerto Bello, their habitations are at Panama, whence they bring the plate upon mules, when the fair begins, and when the ships belonging to the company of negroes arrive to sell slaves.

Captain Morgan, who knew very well all the avenues of this city and the neighbouring coasts, arrived in the dusk of the evening at Puerto de Naos, ten leagues to the west of Puerto Bello. Being come hither, they sailed up the river to another harbour called Puerto Pontin, where they anchored: here they put themselves into boats and canoes, leaving in the ships only a few men to bring them next day to the port. About midnight they came to a place called Estera longa Lemos, where they all went on shore, and marched by land to the first posts of the city: they had in their company an Englishman, formerly a prisoner in those parts, who now served them for a guide: to him and three or four more they gave commission to take the sentinel, if possible, or kill him on the place: but they seized him so cunningly, as he had no time to give warning with his musket, or make any noise, and brought him, with his hands bound, to Captain Morgan, who asked him how things went in the city, and what forces they had; with other circumstances he desired to know. After every question they made him a thousand menaces to kill him, if he declared not the truth. Then they advanced to the city, carrying the said sentinel bound before them: having marched about a quarter of a league, they came to the castle near the city, which presently they closely surrounded, so that no person could get either in or out.

Being posted under the walls of the castle, Captain Morgan commanded the sentinel, whom they had taken prisoner, to speak to those within, charging them to surrender to his discretion; otherwise they should all be cut in pieces, without quarter. But they regarding none of these threats, began instantly to fire, which alarmed the city; yet notwithstanding, though the governor and soldiers of the said castle made as great resistance as could be, they were forced to surrender. Having taken the castle, they resolved to be as good as their words, putting the Spaniards to the sword, thereby to strike a terror into the rest of the city. Whereupon, having shut up all the soldiers and officers as prisoners into one room, they set fire to the powder (whereof they found great quantity) and blew up the castle into the air, with all the Spaniards that were within. This done, they pursued the course of their victory, falling upon the city, which, as yet, was not ready to receive them. Many of the inhabitants cast their precious jewels and money into wells and cisterns, or hid them in places underground, to avoid, as much as possible, being totally robbed. One of the party of pirates, assigned to this purpose, ran immediately to the cloisters, and took as many religious men and women as they could find. The governor of the city, not being able to rally the citizens, through their great confusion, retired to one of the castles remaining, and thence fired incessantly at the pirates: but these were not in the least negligent either to assault him, or defend themselves, so that amidst the horror of the assault, they made very few shots in vain; for aiming with great dexterity at the mouths of the guns, the Spaniards were certain to lose one or two men every time they charged each gun anew.

This continued very furious from break of day till noon; yea, about this time of the day the case was very dubious which party should conquer, or be conquered. At last, the pirates perceiving they had lost many men, and yet advanced but little towards gaining either this, or the other castles, made use of fire-balls, which they threw with their hands, designing to burn the doors of the castles; but the Spaniards from the walls let fall great quantities of stones, and earthen pots full of powder, and other combustible matter, which forced them to desist. Captain Morgan seeing this generous defence made by the Spaniards, began to despair of success. Hereupon, many faint and calm meditations came into his mind; neither could he determine which way to turn himself in that strait. Being thus puzzled, he was suddenly animated to continue the assault, by seeing English colours put forth at one of the lesser castles, then entered by his men; of whom he presently after spied a troop coming to meet him, proclaiming victory with loud shouts of joy. This instantly put him on new resolutions of taking the rest of the castles, especially seeing the chiefest citizens were fled to them, and had conveyed thither great part of their riches, with all the plate belonging to the churches and divine service.

To this effect, he ordered ten or twelve ladders to be made in all haste, so broad, that three or four men at once might ascend them: these being finished, he commanded all the religious men and women, whom he had taken prisoners, to fix them against the walls of the castle. This he had before threatened the governor to do, if he delivered not the castle: but his answer was, "he would never surrender himself alive." Captain Morgan was persuaded the governor would not employ his utmost force, seeing the religious women, and ecclesiastical persons, exposed in the front of the soldiers to the greatest danger. Thus the ladders, as I have said, were put into the hands of religious persons of both sexes, and these were forced, at the head of the companies, to raise and apply them to the walls: but Captain Morgan was fully deceived in his judgment of this design; for the governor, who acted like a brave soldier in performance of his duty, used his utmost endeavour to destroy whosoever came near the walls. The religious men and women ceased not to cry to him, and beg of him, by all the saints of heaven, to deliver the castle, and spare both his and their own lives; but nothing could prevail with his obstinacy and fierceness. Thus many of the religious men and nuns were killed before they could fix the ladders; which at last being done, though with great loss of the said religious people, the pirates mounted them in great numbers, and with not less valour, having fire-balls in their hands, and earthen pots full of powder; all which things, being now at the top of the walls, they kindled and cast in among the Spaniards.

This effort of the pirates was very great, insomuch that the Spaniards could no longer resist nor defend the castle, which was now entered. Hereupon they all threw down their arms, and craved quarter for their lives; only the governor of the city would crave no mercy, but killed many of the pirates with his own hands, and not a few of his own soldiers; because they did not stand to their arms. And though the pirates asked him if he would have quarter; yet he constantly answered, "By no means, I had rather die as a valiant soldier, than be hanged as a coward." They endeavoured as much as they could to take him prisoner, but he defended himself so obstinately, that they were forced to kill him, notwithstanding all the cries and tears of his own wife and daughter, who begged him, on their knees, to demand quarter, and save his life. When the pirates had possessed themselves of the castle, which was about night, they enclosed therein all the prisoners, placing the women and men by themselves, with some guards: the wounded were put in an apartment by itself, that their own complaints might be the cure of their diseases; for no other was afforded them.

This done, they fell to eating and drinking, as usual; that is, committing in both all manner of debauchery and excess, so that fifty courageous men might easily have retaken the city, and killed all the pirates. Next day, having plundered all they could find, they examined some of the prisoners (who had been persuaded by their companions to say they were the richest of the town), charging them severely to discover where they had hid their riches and goods. Not being able to extort anything from them, they not being the right persons, it was resolved to torture them: this they did so cruelly, that many of them died on the rack, or presently after. Now the president of Panama being advertised of the pillage and ruin of Puerto Bello, he employed all his care and industry to raise forces to pursue and cast out the pirates thence; but these cared little for his preparations, having their ships at hand, and determining to fire the city, and retreat. They had now been at Puerto Bello fifteen days, in which time they had lost many of their men, both by the unhealthiness of the country, and their extravagant debaucheries.

Hereupon, they prepared to depart, carrying on board all the pillage they had got, having first provided the fleet with sufficient victuals for the voyage. While these things were doing, Captain Morgan demanded of the prisoners a ransom for the city, or else he would burn it down, and blow up all the castles; withal, he commanded them to send speedily two persons, to procure the sum, which was 100,000 pieces of eight. To this effect two men were sent to the president of Panama, who gave him an account of all. The president, having now a body of men ready, set forth towards Puerto Bello, to encounter the pirates before their retreat; but, they, hearing of his coming, instead of flying away, went out to meet him at a narrow passage, which he must pass: here they placed a hundred men, very well armed, which at the first encounter put to flight a good party of those of Panama. This obliged the president to retire for that time, not being yet in a posture of strength to proceed farther. Presently after, he sent a message to Captain Morgan, to tell him, "that if he departed not suddenly with all his forces from Puerto Bello, he ought to expect no quarter for himself, nor his companions, when he should take them, as he hoped soon to do." Captain Morgan, who feared not his threats, knowing he had a secure retreat in his ships, which were at hand, answered, "he would not deliver the castles, before he had received the contribution money he had demanded; which if it were not paid down, he would certainly burn the whole city, and then leave it, demolishing beforehand the castles, and killing the prisoners."

The governor of Panama perceived by this answer that no means would serve to mollify the hearts of the pirates, nor reduce them to reason: hereupon, he determined to leave them, as also those of the city whom he came to relieve, involved in the difficulties of making the best agreement they could. Thus in a few days more the miserable citizens gathered the contributions required, and brought 100,000 pieces of eight to the pirates for a ransom of their cruel captivity: but the president of Panama was much amazed to consider that four hundred men could take such a great city, with so many strong castles, especially having no ordnance, wherewith to raise batteries, and, what was more, knowing the citizens of Puerto Bello had always great repute of being good soldiers themselves, and who never wanted courage in their own defence. This astonishment was so great, as made him send to Captain Morgan, desiring some small pattern of those arms wherewith he had taken with much vigour so great a city. Captain Morgan received this messenger very kindly, and with great civility; and gave him a pistol, and a few small bullets, to carry back to the president his master; telling him, withal, "he desired him to accept that slender pattern of the arms wherewith he had taken Puerto Bello, and keep them for a twelvemonth; after which time he promised to come to Panama, and fetch them away." The governor returned the present very soon to Captain Morgan, giving him thanks for the favour of lending him such weapons as he needed not; and, withal, sent him a ring of gold, with this message, "that he desired him not to give himself the labour of coming to Panama, as he had done to Puerto Bello: for he did assure him, he should not speed so well here, as he had done there."

After this, Captain Morgan (having provided his fleet with all necessaries, and taken with him the best guns of the castles, nailing up the rest) set sail from Puerto Bello with all his ships, and arriving in a few days at Cuba, he sought out a place wherein he might quickly make the dividend of their spoil. They found in ready money 250,000 pieces of eight, besides other merchandises; as cloth, linen, silks, &c. With this rich purchase they sailed thence to their common place of rendezvous, Jamaica. Being arrived, they passed here some time in all sorts of vices and debaucheries, according to their custom; spending very prodigally what others had gained with no small labour and toil.

Proistoria.org : History of the World

History of the World. Texts. Images. Contents in English, French, Russian and some other languages

Таблица 2а

Короли подплава в море червонных валетов. Приложение. Таблица 2а. Сроки постройки и службы советских подводных лодок 1927–1941 гг.

Сроки постройки и службы советских подводных лодок 1927–1941 гг. Названия, типы и серии подводных лодок Дата закладки и зав. № Даты спуска на воду Даты вступления в строй Прохождение службы Окончание службы Балтийский судостроительный завод № 189, Ленинград «Д-1» «Декабрист», Д-I 05.03.27 №177 03.11.28 18.11.30 БФ (30–33); СФ (33–40) 13.11.40 затонула в результате аварии в Мотовском заливе при глубоководном погружении «Д-2» «Народоволец», ДI 05.03.27 №178 19.05.29 11.10.31 БФ (31–33), СФ (33–39); БФ, ВОВ (39–?) На вечной стоянке в Санкт-Петербурге у Шкиперской протоки «Д-3» «Красногвардеец», Д-I 05.03.27 №179 12.07.31 14.11.31 БФ (31–33); СФ ВОВ (33–42) 06.42 погибла к северу от м. Хьельнес «Л-1» «Ленинец», Л-II 06.09.29 №195 28.02.31 22.10.33 БФ (33–41), СФВ (39–40). 08.11.41, затонула в Неве при артобстреле В 944 г. поднята, в строй не вводилась.

Chapter X

The pirates of Panama or The buccaneers of America : Chapter X

Of the Island of Cuba Captain Morgan attempts to preserve the Isle of St. Catherine as a refuge to the nest of pirates, but fails of his design He arrives at and takes the village of El Puerto del Principe. CAPTAIN MORGAN seeing his predecessor and admiral Mansvelt were dead, used all the means that were possible, to keep in possession the isle of St. Catherine, seated near Cuba. His chief intent was to make it a refuge and sanctuary to the pirates of those parts, putting it in a condition of being a convenient receptacle of their preys and robberies. To this effect he left no stone unmoved, writing to several merchants in Virginia and New England, persuading them to send him provisions and necessaries, towards putting the said island in such a posture of defence, as to fear no danger of invasion from any side. But all this proved ineffectual, by the Spaniards retaking the said island: yet Captain Morgan retained his courage, which put him on new designs. First, he equipped a ship, in order to gather a fleet as great, and as strong as he could. By degrees he effected it, and gave orders to every member of his fleet to meet at a certain port of Cuba, there determining to call a council, and deliberate what was best to be done, and what place first to fall upon. Leaving these preparations in this condition, I shall give my reader some small account of the said isle of Cuba, in whose port this expedition was hatched, seeing I omitted to do it in its proper place. Cuba lies from east to west, in north latitude, from 20 to 23 deg. in length one hundred and fifty German leagues, and about forty in breadth.

Lower Paleolithic

Lower Paleolithic : from 2.6 million to 300 000 years before present

Lower Paleolithic : from 2.6 million to 300 000 years before present.

Оглавление

Карта материалов на Русском и других языках, использующих Кириллицу

Chapter V

The pirates of Panama or The buccaneers of America : Chapter V

How the pirates arm their vessels, and regulate their voyages. BEFORE the pirates go to sea, they give notice to all concerned, of the day on which they are to embark; obliging each man to bring so many pounds of powder and ball as they think necessary. Being all come aboard, they consider where to get provisions, especially flesh, seeing they scarce eat anything else; and of this the most common sort is pork; the next food is tortoises, which they salt a little: sometimes they rob such or such hog-yards, where the Spaniards often have a thousand head of swine together. They come to these places in the night, and having beset the keeper's lodge, they force him to rise, and give them as many heads as they desire, threatening to kill him if he refuses, or makes any noise; and these menaces are oftentimes executed on the miserable swine-keepers, or any other person that endeavours to hinder their robberies. Having got flesh sufficient for their voyage, they return to their ship: here they allow, twice a day, every one as much as he can eat, without weight or measure; nor does the steward of the vessel give any more flesh, or anything else, to the captain, than to the meanest mariner. The ship being well victualled, they deliberate whither they shall go to seek their desperate fortunes, and likewise agree upon certain articles, which are put in writing, which every one is bound to observe; and all of them, or the chiefest part, do set their hands to it.

1559 - 1603

С 1559 по 1603 год

С конца Итальянских войн в 1559 до смерти Елизаветы I Английской в 1603.

Глава XVIII

Путешествие натуралиста вокруг света на корабле «Бигль». Глава XVIII. Таити и Новая Зеландия

Переход через Низменный архипелаг Таити. Вид на остров Горная растительность Вид на Эимео Экскурсия в глубь острова Глубокие ущелья Ряд водопадов Множество полезных дикорастущих растений Трезвость жителей Состояние их нравственности Созыв парламента Новая Зеландия Бухта Айлендс. Хиппа Экскурсия в Уаимате Хозяйство миссионеров Английские сорняки, ныне одичавшие Уаиомио Похороны новозеландки Отплытие в Австралию 20 октября. — Закончив съемку Галапагосского архипелага, мы направились на Таити и начали длинный переход в 3 200 миль. Через несколько дней мы вышли из облачной и сумрачной области океана, простирающейся зимой на большое расстояние от побережья Южной Америки. Теперь мы наслаждались солнечной, ясной погодой и, подгоняемые постоянным пассатом, весело плыли со скоростью 150—160 миль в день. Температура в этой области Тихого океана, лежащей ближе к его центру, выше, чем близ американских берегов. Термометр на юте днем и ночью колебался между 27 и 28°, и это было очень приятно; но уже одним-двумя градусами выше жара становится невыносимой. Мы прошли через Низменный, или Опасный, архипелаг и видели несколько тех любопытнейших колец из коралловой почвы, чуть возвышающихся над водой, которым дали название лагунных островов. Над длинной, ослепительно белой береговой полосой тянется зеленая полоса растительности; уходя в обе стороны, полосы быстро суживаются вдали и теряются за горизонтом. С верхушки-мачты внутри кольца видно обширное пространство спокойной воды.

Chapter XIII

The voyage of the Beagle. Chapter XIII. Chiloe and Chonos Islands

Chiloe General Aspect Boat Excursion Native Indians Castro Tame Fox Ascend San Pedro Chonos Archipelago Peninsula of Tres Montes Granitic Range Boat-wrecked Sailors Low's Harbour Wild Potato Formation of Peat Myopotamus, Otter and Mice Cheucau and Barking-bird Opetiorhynchus Singular Character of Ornithology Petrels NOVEMBER 10th.—The Beagle sailed from Valparaiso to the south, for the purpose of surveying the southern part of Chile, the island of Chiloe, and the broken land called the Chonos Archipelago, as far south as the Peninsula of Tres Montes. On the 21st we anchored in the bay of S. Carlos, the capital of Chiloe. This island is about ninety miles long, with a breadth of rather less than thirty. The land is hilly, but not mountainous, and is covered by one great forest, except where a few green patches have been cleared round the thatched cottages. From a distance the view somewhat resembles that of Tierra del Fuego; but the woods, when seen nearer, are incomparably more beautiful. Many kinds of fine evergreen trees, and plants with a tropical character, here take the place of the gloomy beech of the southern shores. In winter the climate is detestable, and in summer it is only a little better. I should think there are few parts of the world, within the temperate regions, where so much rain falls. The winds are very boisterous, and the sky almost always clouded: to have a week of fine weather is something wonderful.

XI. Без солнца

Побег из ГУЛАГа. Часть 3. XI. Без солнца

— Светло. Пора, — вскинулся муж. — Рано. Часа три. Туман такой, что ничего не видно. Но он был неумолим, будто и не помня, что с ним случилось ночью. Или это нервы? Как могла я тогда не догадаться, что это был ревматизм, который затем почти парализовал его? Опять зашагали по болотам. Сквозь белесые, низкие облака с трудом продиралось солнце: едва-едва оно просвечивало сквозь густой белый покров, вывернувшись плоским красным блинком, как через минуту скрывалось. Мы были на сложном по своей конфигурации склоне, ничего приметного впереди не было видно, четко отметить направление было невозможно. Мы бились несколько часов, продираясь между зарослями ивняка, пытались увидеть что-нибудь, поднявшись выше, но облака и туман заволакивали все вершины. Под ногами у нас был белый мох, над головами — низкое белое небо. Ни ветерка, ни облачка, все застыло, как в белом студне. И компаса не было. Тоска меня грызла такая, что я боялась подходить к своим. У них на душе тоже было невесело. Когда облака еще снизились и поползли, задевая верхушки елей, обдавая мельчайшими капельками влаги, мы остановились. — Дальше идти нельзя, — сказал муж. Нашли большую, пушистую ель, заползли под нее.

Глава XV

Путешествие натуралиста вокруг света на корабле «Бигль». Глава XV. Переход через Кордильеры

Вальпараисо Перевал Портильо Сообразительность мулов Горные потоки Как была открыта руда Доказательства постепенного поднятия Кордильер Влияние снега на горные породы Геологическое строение двух главных хребтов, различие их происхождения и поднятия Значительное опускание Красный снег Ветры Снежные столбы Сухой и прозрачный воздух Электричестве Пампасы Фауна восточных склонов Ано Саранча Огромные клопы Мендоси Перевал Успальята Окременелые деревья, погребенные в их естественном положении Мост Инков Преувеличенная трудность горных проходов Кумбре Касучи Вальпараисо 7 марта 1835 г. — Мы простояли в Консепсьоне три дня и отплыли в Вальпараисо. Ветер был северный, и мы добрались до выхода из гавани Консепсьона только перед наступлением сумерек. Так как мы находились очень близко к земле и опускался густой туман, то мы бросили якорь. Вскоре у самого нашего борта вдруг появилось американское китобойное судно: мы услыхали голос янки, заклинавшего матросов помолчать, пока он прислушивается к бурунам. Капитан Фиц-Рой крикнул ему громко и отчетливо, чтобы он бросил якорь там, где находится. Бедняга решил, должно быть, что это голос с берега: на судне его тотчас же поднялся страшный галдеж, все закричали: «Отдавай якорь! трави канат! убирай паруса!» Ничего более смешного я никогда не слыхал. Если бы весь экипаж судна состоял из одних капитанов, без единого матроса, то и тогда не могло бы возникнуть большего гама, чем тот, в какой сливались эти беспорядочно выкрикиваемые команды.

V. Гепеустовская волынка

Побег из ГУЛАГа. Часть 2. V. Гепеустовская волынка

При дневном свете городишко оказался еще меньше: если бы не мрачный дом ГПУ, все было бы мирно, сонно, местами даже красиво, особенно там, где виден изрезанный бухтами глубокий залив. Здесь говорится — губа. Но Север — безнадежный. Одни болота и граниты. Пришли в комендатуру: узкий коридорчик, дощатая переборка, в ней окошко, как на Шпалерке, в помещении для передач, только все меньше. За окошком сидит здоровенный детина — гепеуст... Рожа круглая, сытая, румяная, сам толстый и такой же нахальный, как все. — Как мне получить разрешение на свидание с таким-то? — называю ему фамилию, надеясь, что он скажет, что разрешение для него уже есть. — Стол свиданий, — отвечает он, ни о чем не справляясь. — Но муж писал мне, что хлопочет о свидании, может быть, разрешение уже есть. — Стол свиданий. Щелк, окошко захлопывается. Не у кого даже спросить, где этот «стол свиданий». Выходим на улицу. Кто-то проходит мимо, но все похожи на заключенных, а с ними разговаривать нельзя, еще наделаешь им беды... Идем в управление ГПУ. Не поймешь, куда войти. Наконец, попадается гепеуст. — Скажите, где стол свиданий? — Второй этаж, — буркнул он на ходу. — Как же туда попасть? — кричу ему вдогонку. Махнул рукой — за угол дома. Верно. Нашли вход в канцелярию; окошечко, надпись: «Стол свиданий». Очередь: две пожилые интеллигентки, баба с грудным ребенком, которого она держит под полушубком, и дама в котиковом манто.